Still Alice is ‘shockingly accurate’ – people living with dementia give their verdict

Julianne Moore is an Oscar favourite for her portrayal of a woman with dementia in Still Alice. But what do people with the condition think of the film?

Tom Seymour

Tuesday 10 February 2015 18.33 GMT

Keith Oliver waited for his wife Rosemary to go out and then, with his nerves rising, he laid out chocolates and wine in the living room and waited. Soon, his new friends started to arrive – two clinical psychologists and three psychology students from the local memory clinic – and together they watched Still Alice, Julianne Moore’s depiction of a highly successful, family-orientated woman who is diagnosed with early-onset dementia and loses almost everything.

Keith was head teacher of a primary school in Canterbury, Kent, when a doctor gave him the same news on New Year’s Eve in 2010. He was 54. “But I’m a positive person and I didn’t feel any fear,” he says. After the diagnosis, he walked with Rosemary along Margate beach, where he told her: “One door closes and another will open.” Now, he says, his biggest fear is being left on his own.

Still Alice is directed by Wash Westmoreland and Richard Glatzer, who has the neurodegenerative condition Lou Gehrig’s disease. The film, an adaption of Lisa Genova’s acclaimed 2007 novel, was shot fast last March, the only time Moore was free from her commitments on the Hunger Games films. Moore, whose performance has won her a Golden Globe, a Bafta and an Oscar nomination, prepared for the part by speaking with activists from the Alzheimer’s Association, women given early-onset diagnoses, and doctors who treat the disease.Rosemary could not bring herself to watch the film, but he felt he had to. “The film confronted each stage I’ve gone through, like a checklist,” Keith says. “It captured how dementia crept up on me, how it knocked my self-esteem and brought doubts into my mind before I even knew what I was dealing with. It captured how insidious the disease is, how it can subtly eat away at you. It captured how I tried to fight it, how I found coping strategies, how I tried to hide it. But her decline happens so quickly – I found that very difficult to come to terms with.”

Still Alice, says the actor at the London premiere of the film, is motivated by misconceptions about Alzheimer’s, which causes up to 70% of dementia cases. “I don’t think there’s enough information,” she says. “I think an idea still stands that Alzheimer’s is all about memory. One of the things I found is that people often simply feel lost. Alzheimer’s is more akin to an ongoing panic attack where suddenly nothing has any reference. It’s like having to cut through fog every day.”

What can be done? “There’s very little awareness,” says Moore. “But 30 years ago, there was little awareness of cancer. With cancer, we’ve spent the money needed to properly research it and we’ve talked about it openly. That’s really changed things. I can only hope that happens with Alzheimer’s.”

Wendy, who Moore thanked in her Bafta speech, still works full-time and is supported by her two daughters: Gemma, 31, and Sarah, 34. “The guilt I feel for my daughters will never go away,” she says and worries about “the day I look at the two most precious people in my life and don’t know their names”. She’s been surprised at how many difficult conversations she’s had with people she thought she could rely on. “I felt dismayed at many people’s perception of the illness,” she says. “For a lot of people, it’s a very embarrassing conversation. They seemed willing to simply write me off, or appeared to have a stereotypical image of someone at the end of the disease rather than the beginning.”Hovering just behind Moore, with a grin on her face, is Wendy Mitchell, who has made the trip from York to see the premiere. Wendy was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s last July. She was 58, a teetotaller who ran every other day and worked as an NHS manager. “I came out of my office one morning, which had been the same old office for a couple of years, and just stood there not knowing where I was,” she says. “I would hear voices in the corridors and not have a clue who they belonged to.” Like the fictional Alice, she’s now deeply reliant on her mobile phone to keep her connected and organised. “It’s proved a life-saver,” she says.

What did she think of the film? “I was left with a feeling of helplessness and a sense of inevitability that reached deep down into the pit of my stomach. It was a shockingly accurate reflection of my own experience. It felt like I was being shown my own future.”

Hilary Doxford, from Yeovil, was 52 when she was told she had dementia. She said the signs had existed a full seven years before she was diagnosed, but her doctors kept giving her an all-clear. After the last all-clear, she married her husband, Peter. When she was eventually told she had dementia, she felt relieved to finally have an explanation. “Then I panicked about how much time I had left,” she says, “and I wondered what to do next.” So she started researching the disease, which left her feeling “sad and guilty about what impact it would have on Peter”.

For Hilary, the film was like looking into a mirror. When she first told Peter she had dementia, he said: “Whatever happens, I’m going to be here for you.” As the disease worsened and her memories started to go, she told her husband she’d rather have cancer, just as Alice does. “But we’re still capable of making each other very happy,” she says. “I’d do anything for him and he’d do anything for me.”

Keith, Wendy and Hilary are three of the 42,000 people living with early-onset dementia in the UK, out of a total of 850,000 people with dementia. Over 1m people will have the disease by 2025 and over 2m by 2051, according to the Alzheimer’s Society. It currently costs the UK economy over £26bn every year, which works out at around £30,000 per person with dementia.Hilary was struck by a scene in which Alice’s daughter, played by Kristen Stewart, reads her the Elizabeth Bishop poem One Art that talks about “an art to losing”. Hilary says: “There is an art to losing and you need to master it. I’m losing my memories, my abilities, my happiness – and one day I will lose being me.”

“The research we carried out last year showed there are twice as many young people living with dementia than we thought,” says Jeremy Hughes, chief executive of the AS. “We find people go to their GP time and time again before dementia is considered – they are told they have depression, or they’re overworked, or it’s a lifestyle problem. There’s very little training and very little support for families.”

Keith singles out intellect as a big factor. “I worked as a teacher for 33 years,” he says. “So I know how we assess intellect in kids from the age of three onwards – and a big part of intellect is memory. If memory is compromised, so is your intellectual capacity. I try to convince myself those two things are separate; I feel as intellectual as I was four years ago, but cognitively I’m not a patch on what I was. It means I’m much more emotional. I have a lot of foggy days and a lot of sunny days.”Dementia is not just about memory loss. For many, the disease can manifest itself through a change in their nature, their emotional disposition. “Things still go into my brain and I still process them in the same way,” Hilary says. “It’s the recall I don’t have.” Without it, people are more at the mercy of their moods, of how a certain environment or person makes them feel at that moment. As Julianne Moore says: “I wanted to understand how, as she loses her intellectual capabilities, Alice moves toward a very profound emotional connection with her family.”

How much will he be able to remember of this interview? “I’ll remember we talked, I’ll remember feeling relaxed, and I’ll remember we talked about this wonderful film called Still Alice,” he says. “But the detail that once would have been so important to me will have almost completely gone.”

He pauses and adds: “But that just means I can look forward to reading it in the paper. So there’s a silver lining in everything, you know?”

http://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/feb/10/still-alice-alzheimers-accurate-dementia-sufferers-verdict

Structure of the Lead：

   WHO-people living with dementia

   WHEN-Tuesday 10 February 2015 

   WHAT-give their verdict

   WHY-people with the condition think of the film

   WHERE-not given

   HOW-not given

Keywords：

1.diagnosed  確診

2. neurodegenerative  神經退行性

3.commitments  承諾

4.executive  執行

5.dismayed 遺憾

6.intellect  智力

7.cognitively  認知

Witnesses describe terrifying scene at deadly Shanghai New Year's stampede

Jethro Mullen and Laura Smith-Spark, CNN

Updated 1531 GMT (2331 HKT) January 1, 2015

Hong Kong (CNN)Zuo Zhijian says the heavy crush of bodies around him on the Shanghai waterfront left him unable to move his legs.

"I also had someone grabbing my hair from the back, struggling and breathing heavily," Zuo said. "A girl in front of me held me desperately and said, 'Help me, help me, please. I can't make it anymore.' There was also a girl completely motionless underneath."

Zuo was one among many people caught up in the stampede on the Bund, an area along the Huangpu River in China's most populous city that draws big crowds for New Year's Eve festivities. He described his traumatic experience on Weibo, a Chinese social media platform on which he's a verified user.

The stampede, which began roughly 25 minutes before midnight, killed 36 people and injured 47 others, the Shanghai city government said. Many of the victims were female students, state media reported.

'Girls crying and shouting for help'

"I was surrounded by the sounds of girls crying and shouting for help with their last strain of effort, and of people fighting and throwing curses at each other," said Zuo, who works in the media sector.

Another witness, 28-year-old Tian Ye, who works in import-export logistics, told CNN how he'd gone down to the waterfront to enjoy the festivities because he lives nearby.

Instead, he found himself only about 30 meters (about 100 feet) from the scene of the deadly crush.

"When me and other young men saw people had fainted, we rushed there to do CPR and carried them to the ambulance and police cars," he said.

The stampede lasted only about 30 seconds, he said, but it took about 10 minutes to carry everyone out.

"There were way too many people stuck down there without a clear entrance or exit; people got stuck and panicked. A lot of police gathered in that central area, but more police could have eased the consequences," he said.

"When someone fell down, people behind would think the crowd is moving, so more people were moving forward and falling."

He blamed what happened on overcrowding, people's lack of awareness of how to protect themselves, and on heavy traffic that blocked ambulances from getting to the scene sooner.

"But I'm happy to see everyone around me fighting to help others after the tragedy," he added.

"No conspiracy, no predesign, it's a tragedy triggered by multiple factors. We tried our best, wish them rest in peace."

Unconscious victims

A third witness, Xiao Ji, said he was at the side of the mass of people as a night of celebration turned into scenes of horror.

"I stared for a while and then started pulling people out of the crowds," Xiao, who works at a technology company, said on Weibo. Exhausted after hauling two people out of the crush, he said all he could do was "hold their hands and try to cheer them up a little bit."

In the chaos described by Xiao, some people were trying to revive unconscious victims and others were simply wailing. Police officers were also trying to help. After he regained strength, Xiao says, he joined in again.

A photo from China's state-run news agency Xinhua showed people receiving treatment as they lay in the middle of a crowded street.

Cause under investigation

The terrifying crush left a grisly aftermath.

"People lying on the ground were a complete mess," said Zuo. "Their faces became unrecognizable."

It remains unclear what caused the stampede. Authorities are investigating what happened.

Xinhua cited one unidentified witness as saying that people started scrambling after coupons that looked like dollar bills were thrown from the third floor of a building.

But the Shanghai police said their investigation had ruled out this possibility.

Police said that based on surveillance camera footage, the items were tossed about 10 minutes after the stampede and did not cause much commotion. They were coupons from a bar on the Bund.

Zuo, Xiao, Tian and other witnesses also made no mention of the coupons in their accounts. And the English-language newspaper Shanghai Daily cited witnesses as saying that the stampede started "when a large number of people trying to move up to the riverfront esplanade were blocked."

CNN reached out to Zuo and Xiao for further comment, but Zuo didn't immediately respond and Xiao declined to talk to the media.

Event moved after problems

Local officials had this year moved a popular New Year's Eve light show from an open area of the Bund to a more enclosed area, citing safety concerns, Shanghai Daily reported.

"Last year, officials were caught off-guard when nearly 300,000 people turned up for the New Year countdown at the Bund, which led to traffic chaos," the newspaper said.

Officials canceled another New Year's celebration late Wednesday in front of Beijing's tallest skyscraper, citing safety concerns.

Even with the light show and official countdown called off, many revelers remained at the location and had their own countdown there.

Flowers laid at the scene

The Shanghai stampede prompted scenes of anger and grief.

Video from the Reuters news agency showed people sobbing in a hospital waiting room. One woman told state broadcaster CCTV that relatives had been waiting for hours for information about their loved ones.

A photo from Agence France-Presse showed people facing off with security guards at a hospital.

Dozens of people gathered at the scene of the stampede Thursday, laying bouquets of flowers on the ground. Police cars lined an intersection near where the deadly chaos took place.

Chinese President Xi Jinping requested "an immediate investigation" into what happened and said "a profound lesson should be learned" from the events, Xinhua reported Thursday.

Zuo spelled out what he learned from the terrible end to 2014: Don't attend big gatherings like that ever again.

http://edition.cnn.com/2015/01/01/world/asia/china-shanghai-new-years-stampede/

Structure of the Lead：

   WHO-witnesses 

   WHEN-January 1, 2015

   WHAT-describe terrifying scene at deadly Shanghai New Year's stampede 

   WHY-not given

   WHERE-Shanghai

   HOW-not given

Keywords：

1.desperately  拼命

2.motionless   不動

3.import-export logistics   進出口物流

4.grisly aftermath  可怕後果

With two hostages and gunman dead, grim investigation starts in Sydney

By Michael Pearson, Jethro Mullen and Anna Coren, CNN

Updated 0327 GMT (1127 HKT) December 16, 2014

The deadly siege of a central Sydney cafe has ended but the investigation is just beginning.

Australian authorities stormed the cafe where a self-styled Muslim cleric had been holding hostages early Tuesday, killing the gunman. They moved in some 16 hours after the siege began, after hearing gunfire inside the Lindt Chocolate Cafe, New South Wales police Commissioner Andrew P. Scipione told reporters.

Two of the 17 hostages initially held by the gunman died, according to Scipione. They were later identified as Katrina Dawson, 38, and Tori Johnson, 34. Other people were injured, including a police officer who suffered a wound to the face from gunshot pellets. All were described by police to be in stable condition.

"Understandably, there is a lot of speculation, but it will take time to clarify exactly what happened ... and why," Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott told reporters Tuesday.

Man Haron Monis.

What did the gunman want? Why did he choose the cafe as his target?

"There is nothing more Australian than dropping in at the local cafe for a morning coffee, and it's tragic beyond words that people going about their everyday business should have been caught up in such a horrific incident," Abbott said.

He offered his condolences to people caught in the attack and to their loved ones.

"These events do demonstrate that even a country as free as open as generous and as safe as ours is vulnerable to acts of politically motivated violence," the Prime Minister said. "But they also remind us that Australia, and Australians are resilient and we are ready to respond."

Gunman had violent history

The gunman was identified as Man Haron Monis by an official with direct knowledge of the situation. According to his social media posts, the hostage-taker appears to have embraced a radical Sunni theology.

Abbott told reporters that the gunman was already well-known to authorities, and that he had a "long history of violent crime, infatuation with extremism and mental instability."

Before the raid, Monis had demanded a flag and phone call with Abbott, CNN affiliate Sky News Australia reported. He made the demands through hostages who contacted media organizations, Sky News reported.

Some hostages had also reportedly posted messages to social networking sites and the YouTube online video service. Police urged media early Tuesday not to show the videos.

Monis, also known as Sheikh Haron, pleaded guilty in 2013 to writing letters to relatives of Australian service members saying they were "Hitler's soldiers," according to Australian media reports.

He was believed to be acting alone, and he didn't appear to be part of a broader plot, additional U.S. law enforcement and intelligence sources said.

How the siege unfolded

Hundreds of police officers, including snipers, surrounded the cafe in Sydney's central business district shortly after the gunman took over the building at 10 a.m. Monday (6 p.m. ET Sunday).

Chilling images from Australian media showed people, believed to be hostages, with their hands pressed against the cafe's windows. They were holding up a black flag with Arabic writing on it reading, "There is no God but God and Mohammed is the prophet of God."

Five hostages sprinted out of the cafe toward heavily armed police officers several hours into the standoff, sending the gunman into a tirade, according to an Australian reporter.

Chris Reason, a correspondent for CNN affiliate Seven Network, said the gunman became "extremely agitated" when he realized what had happened and "started screaming orders" at the remaining hostages.

Reason said he could see the gunman pacing past the cafe's windows from his vantage point at the network's nearby offices. He described the man as unshaven, wearing a white shirt and black cap and carrying a shotgun.

As night fell, lights went out in the cafe, Reason reported.

After a tense night, police could be seen early Tuesday throwing flash-bang grenades into the cafe in video aired by Seven Network. Gunfire erupted amid the chaos.

A national security source in the United States said that a team of Australian special forces troops and police had entered the Lindt Chocolate Cafe from two directions and killed the gunman.

Video captured medics working on some people and others being carried away on stretchers.

On Tuesday, the hostages who died were identified as Dawson and Johnson.

"Katrina was one of our best and brightest barristers who will be greatly missed by her colleagues and friends at the NSW Bar," the New South Wales Bar Association said in a statement. "She was a devoted mother of three children and a valued member of her floor and of our bar community. Our thoughts are with her family at this time."

Johnson's family also released a statement. It read, in part: "We are so proud of our beautiful boy Tori, gone from this Earth but forever in our memories as the most amazing life partner, son and brother we could ever wish for."

http://edition.cnn.com/2014/12/15/world/asia/australia-sydney-hostage-situation/index.html

Structure of the Lead：

   WHO-two hostages and gunman

   WHEN- December 16, 2014

   WHAT-dead

   WHY-not given

   WHERE-Sydney cafe

   HOW-not given

Keywords：

1.stormed  衝

2.siege  圍城

3.speculation 推測

4.unshaven  未修面的

5.stretchers 擔架

Protests after N.Y. cop not indicted in chokehold death; feds reviewing case

By Ray Sanchez and Shimon Prokupecz, CNN

updated 6:09 AM EST, Thu December 4, 2014

New York (CNN) -- Protesters poured onto the streets of New York late Wednesday, upset over a grand jury's decision not to indict a police officer in the death of Eric Garner.

They marched at the same time U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder announced that federal officials were moving ahead with a civil rights investigation.

Garner, an unarmed black man, died in July after a white officer, Daniel Pantaleo, put him in a chokehold. Garner's death was later ruled a homicide.

"This fight ain't over. It just begun. I'm determined to get justice for my husband because he shouldn't have been killed in that way. He shouldn't have been killed in any way," said Esaw Garner, his widow.

"He should be here, celebrating Christmas and Thanksgiving and everything else, with his children and his grandchildren. And he can't. Why? Because a cop did wrong. Somebody that gets paid to do right did wrong and he's not held accountable for it. But my husband's death will not be in vain. As long as I have a breath in my body I will fight the fight till the end."

Protesters gathered at various points in Manhattan, including Times Square and Union Square, marching peacefully north as crowds formed near Rockefeller Center for the lighting of the Christmas tree. Columbus Circle was blocked for a time.

There were demonstrations in other cities too, including Washington, D.C., Philadelphia and Oakland, California.

"No Justice. No peace," protesters chanted in New York. "No racist police."

Garner's mother, who spoke alongside his widow, said she was disappointed by the grand jury's decision. She called for calm.

"We want you to rally, but rally in peace. Make a statement, but make it in peace," said Gwen Carr.

On New York City's West Side Highway, a group of protesters stood face to face with rows of police officers, shouting, "I can't breathe, I can't breathe."

The protesters sat down on the road, crying out, "What do we want? Justice. When do we want it? Now!"

"Ferguson is Everywhere," one demonstrator's sign read, referring to the Michael Brown shooting in Ferguson, Missouri.

'I can't breathe'

During the fatal encounter July 17 on Staten Island, Garner raised both hands in the air and told the officers not to touch him. Seconds later, a video shows an officer behind Garner grab him in a chokehold and pull him to the sidewalk, rolling him onto his stomach. The New York City Police Department prohibits chokeholds.

"I can't breathe! I can't breathe!" Garner said repeatedly, his cries muffled into the pavement.

Garner, 43, was pronounced dead that day. Police had suspected Garner of selling cigarettes illegally.

The grand jury was made up of 14 white and nine nonwhite members, according to law enforcement sources. A total of 12 jurors who have heard all the evidence must be in agreement for a decision. The grand jury found that there was no "reasonable cause" to indict.

The case became emblematic of longstanding tensions between police and minority communities, especially given that the majority of people stopped under the former "stop-and-frisk" police policy were African-American or Hispanic.

A federal court ruled that stop-and-frisk was unconstitutional and tantamount to racial profiling.

The Garner death led to demonstrations around the city and came weeks before the racially charged police shooting of Brown, who was unarmed, in Ferguson.

'National moment of grief"

President Barack Obama said the Garner case reflected a longtime "concern on the part of too many minority communities that law enforcement is not working with them, and dealing with them in a fair way."

"We are not going to let up until we see a strengthening of the trust, and a strengthening of the accountability that exists between our communities and our law enforcement," he said.

Standing outside the Staten Island store where his son was put into a fatal chokehold, Garner's father, Ben, told a crowd that he was hopeful about the federal investigation and urged demonstrators to remain peaceful.

"We want justice for Eric," he said. "We ain't tearing up nothing. We ain't burning up nothing... The police is our problem. No violence. That is all I ask."

Mayor Bill de Blasio sought to allay tensions, saying that he had received assurances from Washington that the federal investigation of Garner's death would move forward "expeditiously and with a clear sense of independence."

De Blasio said the grand jury decision has created "a national moment of pain, a national moment of grief and searching for a solution."

Pantaleo, according to a statement from his union, the Patrolmen's Benevolent Association, said: "I became a police officer to help people and to protect those who can't protect themselves. It is never my intention to harm anyone and I feel very bad about the death of Mr. Garner. My family and I include him and his family in our prayers and I hope that they will accept my personal condolences for their loss."

Staten Island District Attorney Daniel Donovan Jr. said the grand jury conducted dozens of interviews with witnesses, including 22 civilians, and met between September 29 and December 3. An attorney for Pantaleo said his client testified for approximately two hours on November 21 in front of the grand jury.

U.S. Rep. Hakeem Jeffries, who represents parts of Brooklyn and Queens, called the decision "a miscarriage of justice" an "outrage" and a "disgrace."

"He was killed in plain sight for all of America to see because this was captured on video. And so it's inexplicable that this grand jury could not return a single charge," said Jeffries.

Patrolmen's Benevolent Association President Patrick Lynch said, "there are no winners" from the grand jury decision.

"It is clear that the officer's intention was to do nothing more than take Mr. Garner into custody as instructed and that he used the take-down technique that he learned in the academy when Mr. Garner refused," Lynch said. "No police officer starts a shift intending to take another human being's life and we are all saddened by this tragedy."

Brown and Garner

The grand jury's decision came on the same day that the New York Police Department, in an attempt to bolster public confidence, announced plans to start having some officers wear body cameras.

"When something happens, to have a video record of it, from the police officers' perspective, is going to help in many, many ways," de Blasio told reporters. "And God forbid, when something goes wrong, we are going to have a clearer understanding of what happened."

Parallels mark the deaths of Garner and Brown, both black, starting with crimes they were suspected of: Brown allegedly stole cigars from a convenience store; Garner was allegedly selling cigarettes tax-free.

Another similarity that has become the hallmark of protests in Ferguson: Garner put his hands up in the air, as the crook of Pantaleo's elbow tightened around his throat. Some eyewitnesses have said Brown also made that gesture in surrender. But other witnesses contradicted them.

No video was rolling, so doubts over that and other details will always hang over the moment that former Ferguson Police Officer Darren Wilson shot the unarmed teen.

That has led Obama to call for law officers all over the country to record their operations with body cameras.

In Garner's case, there can be little doubt what happened.

Before he gasped what appeared to be his final breaths, someone hit record on a cell phone camera. The details of his takedown spread through the Internet as the video went viral.

Wilson and Pantaleo

In the Ferguson case, Wilson argued before the Missouri grand jury that he shot Brown -- who Wilson said tried to wrest away his gun and then charged at him -- in self-defense.

In the Staten Island cell phone video, Garner did not go after Pantaleo but had his back to him; the officer jumped him from behind then tackled him to the ground.

The New York Medical Examiner has ruled Garner's death a homicide. The cause of death was "compression of neck (chokehold), compression of chest and prone positioning during physical restraint by police."

But the medical examiner also listed acute and chronic bronchial asthma, obesity and hypertensive cardiovascular disease as contributing factors in Garner's death.

In Ferguson, Wilson went into hiding after death threats and kept his status of police officer but was placed on leave. He resigned shortly after the grand jury decision. After the chokehold, Pantaleo was put on modified assignment and stripped of his badge and gun amid the investigation, and the NYPD's commissioner ordered an extensive review of training procedures.

Two lawsuits have previously been filed against Pantaleo. The plaintiffs in both suits allege false arrest, unlawful imprisonment, civil rights violations and other charges.

One suit from 2013 was dismissed in January 2014, while the second, from February 2014, remains open.

Ferguson and New York

In both Ferguson and New York, mostly African-American protesters took to the streets for weeks after both men died to decry police violence.

Demonstrators in New York have called the police response during Garner's arrest excessive and criminal, but during protests, the contact between police and demonstrators has been largely cordial.

Missing were the tear gas canisters, assault rifles, armored vehicles and the lootings and flying bottles that marred the St. Louis suburb in the wake of Brown's death.

When the Missouri grand jury declined to charge Wilson, violence returned to Ferguson, as shot were fired, stores were looted and cars were set on fire.

http://edition.cnn.com/2014/12/03/justice/new-york-grand-jury-chokehold/index.html

Structure of the Lead：

   WHO-Eric Garner

   WHEN-Thu December 4, 2014

   WHAT- a white officer put him in a chokehold

   WHY-not given

   WHERE-New York

   HOW-not given

Keywords：

1.unconstitutional  違憲

2.tantamount 無異